Elastic-fluid turbine.



i No. 694,980. Patented Mar. Il, 1902.

f Y H. MGCORNACK. A

ELASTIC FLUID TURBNE.

, (Application led Jan; 3, 1899.)

(No Model.)

e um

ksection in line 3 3, Fig. 2.

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HERBERT MCCORNACK, OF LITTLEFALLS, NEV YORK.

i-:Lnsric-Ftuxol TURBINE.

SPECIEFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 694,980, dated March 1 1, 1902.

Application filed January 3, 1399. Serial No. 700,935. (No model l which the actuating fluid passes from the in.

ner ends of the vanes or blades against which it primarily acts into the central space of the wheel.

=One object of my invention is to utilize the 'f @tra of the jet of actuating fluid not only in acting upon the vanes against which the jet strikes primarily, but also in acting upon vanes on the opposite side of the wheel after Vpassing the central space of the wheel.

Another object of my invention is to connect the wheel movably with its spindle or shaft in such manner that it is self-balancing and shifts the position of its axis while rOtat-' ing toward and from the axis of the shaft until the wheel is in perfect running balance.`

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a plan view of that side of the turbine wheel at which it is connected to itsspindle. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the wheel and-jetnozzle in line 5 5, Fig. 4. Fig'.l 3 is a vertical Fig. 4c is a side elevation of the turbine and nozzle. Fig. 5 is a face view of a turbine wheel in which the spindle passes across the open central space of the wheel. Fig. 6 is a sectional View in line 7, Fig. 5. I

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several gures..

A A' represent the disks of the turbine wheel, g the vanes or blades thereof, and .e the short wings between the Yanes.

h represents the jetnozzle,which`opens tangentially, or nearly so, against the peripheral face of the wheel between the disks A A thereof. The bore of this nozzle is fiat at its mouth, about as wide as the vanes between the disks ofthe wheel, and comparatively narrow, so that the jet of actuating fluid is delivered against the wheel in a dat or oblong form. The bore of the nozzle is contracted at a short distance from its mout-h and flares or diverges toward the mouth to such an extent that the actuating fluid, whethersteam, compressed air, or other iluid, is expanded in passing from the contracted throat to the wide mouth of the nozzle and has its pressure convcrted into velocity, thereby delivering a jet of maximum velocity and of oblong or flat -form against the peripheral portions of the vanes. The bore of the nozzle diverges ina plane across the face 'of the wheel, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4, and it may be of uniform size at right angles to that plane, as shown in full lines in Fig. 2, or it may converge or diverge at right angles to that plane, as may' be preferred.

The louter portions of the vanos g are straight and extend from the periphery of the wheel inwardly at an oblique angle to the radial line and stands at an obtuse angle to the axis of the nozzle when in front of the latter. The inner portionsof the vanes curve or turn toward the center of .the wheel and point toward corresponding vanos on the opposite sideof the center. Thevanes termi-nate a-t a distance from the center of the wheel, leav-l ing an open central space between the inner ends of the vanos. The wings z are shaped and arranged like the straight outer portions of the vanes and are arranged between the same.V These win gs may, however, be omitted when not required. -I 1 f In the construction ofthe wheel represented in Figs. l to 4 the spindle or shaft does not extend across the open central space of the Wheel and the inner ends ofthe vanes deliver the jet across the middle of the central space to the vanes on the opposite side of the center. In the construction of the wheel rep- IOO inner end of the corresponding vane on the opposite side of the center, but passes unbroken across said space to the corresponding vane on the opposite side of the center.

In my improved turbine the actuating-jet is first expanded in the diverging nozzle, so that the pressure of the fluid is converted into velocity and a jet of maximum velocity is delivered against the wheel. This jet acts by its 'uis viva upon the vane against which it impinges primarily, then passes unbroken across the central space of the wheel, and then acts again by its m's @tra upon a corresponding vane at the opposite side of the wheel. The actuating iiuid isin this manner utilized in a very efficient and economical manner. By delivering the expanded jet in a flat or oblong form against the vanes the jet is delivered in the form which it tends to assume upon impact and the losses in efflciency arising from cross currents in the spreading of the jet after it reaches the vane are avoided. The oblong nozzle also delivers the jet as near the periphery of the wheel as possible. The nozzle and the spaces between the vanes are preferably so proportioned that the actuating fluid does not till these spaces, but liows upon and over the concave sides of the vanes as a thin film.

To render the turbine wheel self-balancing while rotating,the wheel is secured toits spindle or shaft by a frictional connection which allows the wheel to move toward or from the axis of the spindle until the wheel is in running balance. This connection is constructed as follows: S represents the spindle or shaft, and b a hub secured to the upper end thereof bya screw-thread, as shown, or by other suitable means. This hub is provided with a laterally-projecting thin circular liange f. The lower disk A of the turbine wheel is provided in its under side with a circular recess, somewhat larger in diameter than the flange fand receiving the latter, as shown in Figs. l and 3. d represents screws which enter threaded openings in the under side of the lower disk A and which project with their heads over the marginal portion of the iiange j'. The latter is provided on its upper side with bosses a, which are arranged between the screws and bear against the under side of the lower disk A, rendering the portions of the flanges f between these bosses which come by the tendency of the wheel to seek the position in which it is in balance.

The disks A A of the wheel are preferably provided in their opposing sides with grooves in which the edges ot' the vanes g and the wings .c are seated and secured by soldering or otherwise.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination with a tangentially-arranged jet-nozzle, of an inward-and-outwardlow turbine Wheel provided with a series of vanes having their outer portions extending obliquely inward across the radial lines of the wheel and their inner portions turned approximately radial and terminated short of the axis of the wheel to form a central space, the force of the jet being extended upon said vanes primarily during its inward flow and secondarily during its outward iiow substantially as set forth.

2. The combination with a tangentially-arranged jet-nozzle, of an impact turbine wheel having a series of curved or bent vanes extending inward from the periphery with inner ends turned approximately radial and terminated at a distance from the axis, and a central space communicating only with the passage-ways between said inner ends of the vanes substantially as and for the purpose set forth. c

3. The combination with the spindle, of a wheel thereon capable of movement toward and from the axis thereof, and rotativcly secured thereto by frictional clamping means adapted to permit automatic lateral adjustment of the wheel on the spindle without rebounding action substantially as set forth.

4E. The combination with the turbine spindle provided with an attaching-flange, of a turbine wheel havinga recess larger than said flange for the reception of the same and which permits said wheel to move toward and from the axis of the spindle, and clamping devices connecting said flange and wheel, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with the turbine-spindle provided with an attaching-ange having projections on its upper side, of a turbine wheel having in its under side a recess larger than said fiange for the reception of the same and which permits said wheel to move toward and from theiaxis of the spindle, and clamping-screws connecting said iiange and wheel and arranged between the projections of said iiange, substantially as set forth.

HERBERT MCCORNACK.

Witnesses:

RICHARD HURLEY, WILLIAM H. VooRHnEs.

IOO

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